AGB-3

1. Random allotment of treatments to different experimental units is called as

Replication

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Local control

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Randomization

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Experimental error

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2. Which measure of dispersion is free from unit?

Range

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Standard deviation

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Coefficient of variation

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Variance

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3. The measure of variation that is least affected by extreme observation is:

Mean deviation

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Quartile deviation

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Standard deviation

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Range

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4. Numerical measures on the entire population are called:

Statistics

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Median

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parameter

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Variable

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5. . In a statistical hypothesis testing experiment, what type of error is committed by
rejecting the null. hypothesis when it is true:

Type-1

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Type-II

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Type-land Type-II

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None of the above

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6. The variance ratio in case of 'F' test is ____ than one.

Less

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More

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Equal

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None of the above

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7. The probability that provides lines of demarcation between acceptance and rejection
regions of null hypothesis is known as:

Confidence coefficient

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Power of test

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Level of significance

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Confidence interval

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8. The approximate area covered between +1 S.D. under a normal distribution curve is:

68%

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95%

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99%

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34%

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9. Which of the following errors is reduced by increasing the number of offspring in
the progeny test?

Systematic errors

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Non-sampling errors

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Errors of Mendelian sampling

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Type-Il errors

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10. . In which of the following distributions the variance is always less than the mean?

Normal distribution

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Poisson distribution

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Binomial distribution

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Hyper geometric distribution

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11. Which of the following best describes statistical data?

Qualitative information about a population

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Theoretical models of probability

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Quantitative information collected for analysis

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Graphical representations of trends

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12. What is the primary purpose of descriptive statistics?

Making predictions about a population

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Testing hypotheses

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Analyzing probability distributions

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Summarizing and describing data

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13. In statistics, what does a sample represent?

The entire population under study

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A biased subset of the population

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A representative subset of the population

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A collection of outliers

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14. Which of the following is an example of a discrete variable?

Height

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Temperature

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Weight

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Number of animals in a farm

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15. What is the main difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Parameters are more accurate than statistics

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Statistics are always larger than parameters

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Parameters pertain to populations, while statistics pertain to samples

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Statistics are used in descriptive analysis, while parameters are used in inferential analysis

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16. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation
of the mean?

95%

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99.7%

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68%

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50%

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17. Which probability distribution is characterized by a fixed number of trials with two
possible outcomes per trial?

Normal distribution

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Binomial distribution

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Poisson distribution

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Exponential distribution

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18. What is the primary purpose of hypothesis testing in statistics?

To describe the central tendency of a dataset

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To calculate correlation coefficients

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To make inferences about a population parameter based on sample data

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To determine the range of a dataset

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19. In regression analysis, what does the regression coefficient (b) indicate?

The sample size

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The standard deviation of the dependent variable

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The strength and direction of the relationship between variables

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The probability of Type I error

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20. Which of the following is true about the correlation coefficient?

It ranges from 0 to 1

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It indicates causation between variables

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It ranges from -1 to +1

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It is always positive for strong relationships

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21. In a positively skewed distribution, how do the measures of central tendency typically
relate to each other?

Mean < Median < Mode

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Mean = Median = Mode

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Mean > Median> Mode

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Median > Mean> Mode

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22. What is the primary purpose of measures of dispersion in statistics?

To determine the average value of a dataset

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To indicate how values are scattered around the mean

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To test hypotheses about population parameters

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To classify data into categories

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23. Which measure of dispersion is least affected by extreme values?

Range

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Standard deviation

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Interquartile range

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Varience

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24. What does the coefficient of variation (CV) represent?

The absolute variability of a dataset

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The skewness of a distribution

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The relative variability of a dataset in relation to its mean

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The kurtosis of a distribution

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25. Which of the following is true about the relationship between different measures of
dispersion?

Mean deviation > Standard deviation >Quartile deviation

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Standard deviation > Mean deviation > Quartile deviation

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Quartile deviation > Standard deviation > Mean deviation

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All measures of dispersion are always equal

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26. What is the primary difference between a paired t-test and an unpaired t-test?

Paired t-test is used for large sample sizes, while unpaired t-test is used for small sample sizes

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Paired t-test assumes equal variance, while unpaired t-test does not

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Paired t-test is used for related samples, while unpaired t-test is used for independent samples

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Paired t-test is non-parametric, while unpaired t-test is parametric

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27. Which statistical test is most appropriate for comparing the variances of two samples?

t-test

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F-test

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Chi-square test

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Z-test

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28. What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false

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Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

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Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

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Accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is true

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29. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within two
standard deviations of the mean?

68%

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95%

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99.7%

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90%

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30. Which of the following is a characteristic of the Poisson distribution?

It is always symmetrical

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It has a fixed number of trials

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Its mean and variance are equal

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It is used for continuous variables

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31. What is the primary purpose of inferential statistics?

To organize and summarize data

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To calculate measures of central tendency

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To make predictions and inferences about a population based on a sample

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To graphically represent data

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32.Which of the following is an example of a quantitative continuous variable?

Blood type

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Gender

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Number of offspring

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Body temperature

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33. In regression analysis, which variable is typically represented on the X-axis of a
graph?

Independent variable

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Dependent variable

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Confounding variable

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Control variable

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34. What does a correlation coefficient of -0.8 indicate?

A weak positive correlation

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No correlation

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A weak negative correlation

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A strong negative correlation

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35. Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme values in a dataset?

Median

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Mode

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Arithmetic mean

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Geometric mean

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36. What is the primary advantage of using the interquartile range as a measure of
dispersion?

It uses all data points in its calculation

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It is not affected by extreme outliers

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It is always smaller than the standard deviation

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It is easier to calculate than other measures

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37. When is the chi-square test typically used?

To compare means of two samples

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To test for normality of a distribution

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To compare observed frequencies to expected frequencies

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To measure the strength of correlation between variables

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38. What is the standard error primarily used for?

Measuring the variability within a sample

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Estimating the variability of a sample mean

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Calculating the range of a dataset

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Determining the mode of a distribution

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39. In a negatively skewed distribution, which of the following is typically true?

Mean > Median > Mode

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Mean = Median = Mode

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Mean < Median < Mode

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Median > Mean > Mode

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Median > Mean > Mode

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40. What does a low coefficient of variation (CV) indicate about a dataset?

The data is highly dispersed relative to its mean

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The data has a large standard deviation

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The data is less dispersed relative to its mean

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The data has a small mean value

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41. Which of the following best describes a discrete variable?

It can take any value within a given range

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It is always measured on a continuous scale

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It represents clear categories or takes only integral values

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It is always represented by decimal numbers

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42. What does the 68-95-99.7 rule refer to in a normal distribution?

The percentage of data within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations from the mean

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The probability of Type I and Type II errors

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The confidence intervals for hypothesis testing

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The percentage of data within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations from the mean, respectively

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43. Which of the following is a characteristic of the binomial distribution?

It is always symmetrical

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It has a variable number of trials

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It has a fixed number of trials with two possible outcomes per trial

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It is used for continuous variables

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44. What is the primary purpose of the coefficient of variation (CV)?

To measure the absolute variability of a dataset

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To compare means of different populations

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To compare variability between datasets with different units

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To determine the median of a distribution

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45. In a symmetrical distribution, how do the measures of central tendency typically
relate to each other?

Mean> Median > Mode

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Mean >Median >Mode

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Mean = Median = Mode

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Median > Mean > Mode

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46. Which of the following is true about the geometric mean?

It is always larger than the arithmetic mean

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It is generally smaller than the arithmetic mean

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It is equal to the harmonic mean

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It is not affected by extreme values

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47. What is the main advantage of using the range as a measure of dispersion?

It uses all data points in its calculation

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It is not affected by outliers

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It is the simplest measure of dispersion to calculate

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It provides the most accurate representation of variability

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48. When is Welch's t-test typically used instead of a standard unpaired t-test?

When sample sizes are equal

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When variances are assumed to be equal

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When variances are unequal between groups

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When dealing with paired samples

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49. What does the probable error (PE) represent in relation to the standard deviation
(SD)?

PE = SD

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PE = 1/2 SD

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PE = 2/3 SD

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PE = 3/4 SD

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50. Which of the following is true about the relationship between different measures of
dispersion?

Standard deviation < Mean deviation < Quartile deviation

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Quartile deviation <Mean deviation <Standard deviation

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Mean deviation > Quartile deviation > Standard deviation

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Standard deviation > Mean deviation > Quartile deviation

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